Fig. 3

Detection of osteoclast activity in periodontal tissue by Trap staining. A Representative stained sections (arrows indicate osteoclasts that are dyed red). B, C Quantitative analysis of osteoclast number. In the same treatment, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. control; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. model; &P < 0.05, &&P < 0.01 vs. scaling-0 day. In the comparison of different treatment, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. no appliance; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. fixed appliance. n = 4 per group