Table 1 Comparisons of baseline characteristics between AKI and non-AKI groups
From: Non-linear associations between renal perfusion pressure indexes and AKI incidence and recovery rate
Variables | Non-AKI (n = 5226) | AKI (n = 3622) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
 Age [years, mean (SD)] | 66.2 (12.5) | 68.7 (13.7) |  < 0.01 |
 Male (%) | 3639 (69.6) | 2310 (63.7) |  < 0.01 |
 Weight [kg, mean (SD)] | 84.9 (19.6) | 85.0 (22.6) | 0.83 |
Comorbidities | |||
 Hypertension (%) | 3111 (59.5) | 1647 (45.4) | 0.28 |
 Diabetes (%) | 1613 (30.8) | 1323 (36.5) |  < 0.01 |
 Coronary [mean (SD)] | 3310 (63.3) | 1930 (53.2) |  < 0.01 |
 COPD (%) | 167 (3.1) | 176 (4.8) |  < 0.01 |
 Sepsis3 (%) | 3089 (59.1) | 2692 (74.3) |  < 0.01 |
Laboratory indexes | |||
 Initial sodium [mmol/L, mean (SD)] | 136.4 (3.5) | 136.6 (4.6) | 0.02 |
 Initial chlorine [mmol/L, mean (SD)] | 106.2 (4.5) | 105.6 (5.7) |  < 0.01 |
 Initial creatinine [mg/dL, mean (SD)] | 0.9 (0.6) | 1.5 (1.3) |  < 0.01 |
 Maximum creatinine [mg/dL, mean (SD)] | 1.1 (0.7) | 2.5 (2.0) |  < 0.01 |
 Initial hemoglobin [g/dL, mean (SD)] | 10.4 (2.1) | 10.2 (2.4) |  < 0.01 |
 Initial UREA [mean (SD)] | 18.2 (11.1) | 26.3 (18.4) |  < 0.01 |
 Initial white blood cell [10^9/L, mean (SD)] | 13.0 (5.6) | 13.5 (7.0) | 0.01 |
 Initial platelet [10^9/L, mean (SD)] | 164.1 (68.9) | 167.2 (84.0) | 0.06 |
 Vasopressor use within 48 h (%) | 1451 (27.7) | 1942 (53.6) |  < 0.01 |
Severity score | |||
 Initial SOFA score (median [IQR]) | 5.0 [3.0, 7.0] | 8.0 [5.0, 10.7] |  < 0.01 |
 Initial SAPSII (median [IQR]) | 36.0 [30.0, 43.0] | 44.0 [37.0, 56.0] |  < 0.01 |
Pressure indexes | |||
 Initial CVP [mmHg, mean (SD)] | 9.4 (3.5) | 11.6 (4.3) |  < 0.01 |
 Initial MAP [mmHg, mean (SD)] | 74.6 (6.3) | 73.8 (7.5) |  < 0.01 |
 Initial plateau pressure [cmH2O, mean (SD)] | 17.4 (3.5) | 19.3 (4.4) |  < 0.01 |
Initial plateau pressure [mmHg, mean (SD)] | |||
 MAP–CVP [mean (SD)] | 65.1 (7.3) | 62.1 (8.7) |  < 0.01 |
 MAP–Plateau [mean (SD)] | 57.2 (7.2) | 54.4 (8.6) |  < 0.01 |
 MAP–CVP–Plateau [mean (SD)] | 47.7 (8.7) | 42.8 (10.6) |  < 0.01 |
 Duration of hypotension (hours) | 3 (0–5.5) | 5 (1–8.6) |  < 0.01 |
 Urine output within 24 h | 1.0 (0.5) | 0.7 (0.7) |  < 0.01 |
Clinical outcomes | |||
 Hospital death (%) | 202 (3.8) | 619 (17.1) |  < 0.01 |
 ICU length of stay [mean (SD)] | 2.3 (2.4) | 6.8 (8.1) |  < 0.01 |
 AKI severity (%) |  |  |  < 0.01 |
  AKI-I | 0 (0.00) | 2381 (65.72) |  |
  AKI-II | 0 (0.00) | 596 (16.44) |  |
  AKI-III | 0 (0.00) | 645 (17.84) |  |