Table 1 Patient characteristics

Sex (male/female)

138/66

Age, years, median (range)

49 (14–73)

BMI, kg/m²,median (range)

21.9 (17.5–26.4)

ASA grade (2/3)

132/72

Previous COVID-19 status

 Uninfected

82

 Asymptomatic infections

89

 Mildly infected

33

Smoking (Index)

 Heavy smoker(Smoking Index ≥ 400)

19

 Moderate smoker(Smoking Index between 200 and 400)

58

 Light smoker(Smoking Index ≤ 200)

127

 FEV1%, median (range)

85.2 (63.1–92.5)

Comorbidities

 DB

27

 HP

22

 Hemoptysis (yes/no)

86/118

 Preoperation BAE (yes/no)

11/193

 ATB Time, days, median (range)

30 (0–810)

 Adhesion grade (Mild/Severe)

120/84

 Maximum diameter of lesion, cm, median (range)

5 (2–20)

Location

 Right/left

92/112

 WBC, × 10⁹/L, median (range)

5.64 (2.31–19.32)

 ESR, mm/h, median (range)

13 (1–117)

 HCRP, mg/L, median (range)

1.75 (0.05–129.60)

Operative approach

 VATS/TOS

148/56

Operative procedure

 Sublobectomy (Seg/wedge)/Lobectomy (Lob/Lob + Seg/Lob + wedge/Pneumo)

72/132

 Operative times, min, median (range)

210 (25–610)

 Operative bleeding, ml, median (range)

200 (5–6000)

 Transfer blood (yes/no)

31/173

Postoperative complications

63

 PAL

29

 PE

23

 PRS

27

 Hemorrhage

5

 Pneumonia

9

 Bronchopleural fistula

1

 Delayed wound healing

1

 Chylothorax

1

 Pulmonary embolismb

1

Cause of death

2

 Pneumonia

1

 Acute myocardial infarction

1